Immunotherapies for Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Current State and Future Developments

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) encompass a heterogeneous set of myeloid neoplasms characterized by ineffective hema-topoiesis. Treatment remains challenging, especially for patients with unfavorable disease features. Hypomethylating agents have remained the standard of care for higher-risk MDS for almost 2 decades. A plethora of clinical trials utilizing different approaches ranging from small molecule inhibitors to antibodies are underway. In this mini review, we describe recent developments in treatment approaches that incorporate antibodies in the therapeutic context of MDS apart from immune checkpoint inhibitors.